Citified Pratyahara
Three key words in business are: location,
location, location. Yogis, in the business of enlightenment, can learn
something here. Business wisdom advises that if the store is not well
placed, success is doubtful no matter how salable the goods.
Patanjali's
Yoga Sutra guides many to useful steps on the path to Samadhi (peace,
happiness). As a Yoga culture, most tend to know most about Asana (step
three, posture). If practitioners spent some time on the yoga path they
might have learned about Yama (step one, restraint) and Niyama (step
two, observances). Perhaps they have some experience with Pranayama
(step four, breath control).
For many, though, the experience with
Patanjali's 8 limbs ends just after the fourth step. Yet the subtler
steps, the more internal ones that lead directly to the goal, the state
of Yoga, begin with fifth, Pratyahara. The Yoga Sutra, like all
scripture, reveals timeless wisdom that needs to be related to our
present circumstances, to those with modern lifestyles.
The most
common definition for Pratyahara is withdrawal of the senses. And
frequently we think of that as meditation, with Yoga teachers explaining
the essence of it as attention away from the mundane concerns that are
the crux of modern urban life - money, jobs, possessions - and instead
taking attention inside oneself, toward the spiritual. People now live
in a world infinitely more stimulating and distracting than the one in
which Patanjali lived.
To apply the principle of Pratyahara to
modern lives, one might expand the definition to include control of the
senses, or focusing the senses. In an Asana practice, for instance,
Pratyahara might mean choosing to focus on the breath when one might
tend to get distracted with vision (i.e. "what does his or her Asana
look like) or smell (i.e. the aroma of the fresh croissants coming from
the bakery next door).
Few would argue that living in a city makes
it harder to be healthy. The pace, the stress, the pollution - all
challenge our well being. One famous yoga teacher recently said that
enlightenment is very unlikely for one living in a city. The saying
'when in Rome do as the Romans' not only advises it might be helpful to
blend in to our environment by doing what others are doing, it also
indicates the truth that we do this automatically. So if the majority of
people around us are primarily materially concerned, even at the
expense of health and relationships, there is a momentum for us to do
likewise.
With the number of yoga studios in cities still steadily
growing, the question arises - are urban yogis wasting their money? Or
is yoga's growing popularity the result of city dwellers' need to
balance the stressful effects of city living?
On some level,
whether enlightenment is more difficult in a city or not, it is
possible. Everyone has experienced a momentary shift in thinking, which
caused one to enlightened (to feel lighter). There is a feeling of
knowledge that - letting go of stress is possible in the space of one
breath, one thought - regardless of ones surroundings.
Still, the
city living takes its toll. It's harder to stay healthy, to stay
positive. So what's a Yogi to do? For the city dwelling Yogi, an
expanded application of Pratyahara, including one related to geography,
might be helpful.
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